WHAT IS MICRO LED? EVERYTHING U NEED TO KNOW | SAMSUNG MICRO LED

WHAT IS MICRO LED?  EVERYTHING U NEED TO KNOW | SAMSUNG MICRO LED

 

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WHAT IS MICRO LED?

MicroLED is a technology used in displays consisting of microscopic light emitting diodes of different colors arranged into an array. Micro LED is also known as micro-LED, mLED or µLED.

Like OLED, microLED is an emissive display technology where the picture elements, also known as pixels, are also the light source. This means emissive display technologies don’t require a separate backlight layer, which allows displays to be thinner than LCD. Unlike OLED, microLED doesn’t require an encapsulation layer making it even thinner. QLED is not an emissive display type as LEDs are used to light quantum dots. Both emissive display types have fast response times. Unlike OLED, microLEDs are not made with organic compounds, but with the more traditional indium gallium nitride (InGaN)-based LEDs that have been shrunk down. The use of InGaN LEDs gives microLED displays greater brightness without degradation and burn-in, which is possible on OLED and an upside of QLED.

WORKING OF MICRO LED

According to Ray Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, MicroLED has "been under development for years." He added that the technology was initially designed for "“small displays like watches and smartphones," but Samsung's idea of bringing it to televisions looks to be a sound one.

"TV is a great application for MicroLEDs because of its much lower pixel density, typically under 100 pixels per inch," Soneira said. Lower pixel density means manufacturers wouldn’t need to pack as many sub-pixels into the screen. The lower the pixel density, the easier it is to manufacture a MicroLED set.

But while MicroLED could technically come to any screen in the future, it's not exactly easy to produce.

"MicroLEDs are literally tiny LEDs that are made one at a time, and then packed and assembled into a display using robots that pick and place them one at a time, first into smaller substrates, and then the substrates are assembled onto the final display," Soneira said. One of the biggest challenges with MicroLEDs is that all of those tiny LEDs need to be calibrated to deliver the same brightness and have the same color controls. This is something Soneira calls a "major challenge."

Just how big of a challenge? According to Soneira, a single 4K television has 25 million of those small subpixels that then need to be assembled together and calibrated. One false step, and the MicroLED display won't deliver the best picture.

SAMSUNG AIMS TO START PRODUCING MICRO LED TVs IN 2020

Digitimes reports that Samsung Electronics has partnered with Taiwan-based Epistar to supply the Korean display maker with micro-LED chips, as it aims to release its first microLED TVs in H2 2020.

According to Digitimes, Epistar will work together with PlayNitride to supply the microLEDs. Epistar is an investor in PlayNitride. Digitimes says that PlayNitride is currently producing over 1,000 6" microLED wafers per month, and is aiming to increase its production capacity to 10,000 monthly wafer this year.

Samsung is already producing microLED TVs - but these emissive displays actually use mini-LEDs (or quasi microLEDs) chips. Moving to smaller microLED chips will enable Samsung to produce smaller displays of higher resolutions. Samsung's current LED supplier for its "microLED TVs" is Sanan Optoelectronics - which is also developing microLED technology and aims to become Samsung's second supplier for such chips.

COMPANIES THAT PRODUCE MICRO LED OTHER THAN SAMSUNG

Samsung was the first to take MicroLED to market, but it's not the only one in the game. LG is working on MicroLED, too, and showed a demo panel at the IFA show in Berlin last year, while Chinese TV giant TCL had a MicroLED TV in its booth at CES 2019. Sony has been working on some variation of direct LED TVs since as early as 2012, and both it and Samsung showed similar technology for movie theaters and other huge-screen commercial uses.

CNET Senior Managing Editor David Katzmaier reports from inside the Samsung booth at CES 2020, where the TV manufacturer is showing off its supersized MicroLED screens. 

The tech could also light up tiny screens. Apple currently uses OLED displays for the high-end iPhones and the Apple Watch, but it's reportedly developing its own in-house MicroLED displays for use in mobile devices, starting with the watch. Details are scarce and it'll likely be years (if ever) before Apple brings it to market, but Cupertino's interest provides further evidence that MicroLED could be big.

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES OF MICRO LED’s

ADVANTAGES

Of course, that’s essentially what OLED already does, but there are clear advantages to MicroLED. The first is increased brightness: while it’s widely thought that OLED is inherently limited to a peak brightness of around 1000 nits, Samsung says its first commercially available MicroLED sets will boast 4000 nits, and could go as high as 10,000 nits in the fairly near future.

Secondly, because MicroLEDs aren’t organic, their lifespan isn’t nearly as short as that of OLEDs. While OLEDs are generally expected to fade in time, Samsung says its MicroLEDs will keep going for around 100,000 hours - that’s over 11 years of non-stop use.

Thirdly, MicroLEDs are very power-efficient, largely because there’s no need for a colour filter for them to shine through. There’s nothing between the LEDs and your eyes, so they can be brighter with less effort.

Fourthly, MicroLEDs should, in the long-run, be fairly cost-effective to produce. That said, the first sets will be prohibitively expensive - more on that below.

Then there are the qualities that MicroLED shares with OLED, such as exceptional thinness (in fact, MicroLED panels could be even thinner than OLEDs), a non-reliance on bezels, and essentially perfect viewing angles.

In other words, MicroLED is designed to take the best of OLED and make it brighter, longer-lasting and more affordable.

DISADVANTAGES

The big disadvantage of MicroLED TVs is how tricky they are to manufacture. Each pixel requiring three LEDs means a 4K set requires 25 million of the tiny things, and mass producing these in perfect alignment and with no variation in brightness is apparently a very serious challenge.

This will likely lead to prices being very high in the first place, although they should come down once the manufacturing process has been refined. IHS Markit predicts MicroLED shipments will rise from under 1000 this year to 15.5m by 2026, thanks to a dramatic drop in manufacturing costs, which should bring the price down drastically.

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